Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Energy

Overview of the Book

I have devoted much of my time to solving the mysteries of electromagnetic energy. I have studied the facts, considered the possibilities, and put the pieces together in a cohesive form.

The result is a completely new understanding of electromagnetic energy. For the first time, the majority of mysteries of electromagnetic energy have now been solved. We now have detailed physical structures, sophisticated understanding of EM motion, and many other solutions.

The first book in the series is “Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Energy”. This book gives you a starting point for how we should look at electromagnetic energy.

Prior to this book electromagnetic energy was somewhat mysterious. What is its physical structure? How should we think of it? Those answers are provided in this book.

Discoveries Presented in the Book

In this book you will learn discoveries such as:

• What is the basic structure of electromagnetic energy?
• What are the basic properties?
• What are the main types of motion?

These questions are answered in book 1.

I use many illustrations, and some fun analogies, to explain these properties. The analogies are perhaps the most fun aspect of the book. (Readers have told me that they like the analogies, which pleases me very much).

Particle-Wave Duality Solved for the First Time

The book finishes with something incredibly significant: the basic solution to particle-wave duality of electromagnetic energy.

This is extremely significant, and very historic. For over 100 years scientists have known that light acts as both particle and wave. Yet nobody could figure out the physical structure for how light could be both at the same time.

Einstein and Bohr both tried. They worked on the problem for years. Neither one was able to solve it. I am the first person to solve this mystery.

In this first book, I provide the solution. After discussing the basic properties and motions of electromagnetic energy throughout the book, I then provide the solution for particle wave duality. This is illustrated very simply.

Note that this book provides the first solution, and the most basic illustration. In my third book “Photons in Motion” I provide a much more detailed description of the physical structure of the electromagnetic energy, which also leads to a more detailed physical picture of the particle-wave duality.

Hidden Variables Discovered

Another important discovery is the “hidden variables”. Einstein believed there would be hidden variables which would finally make sense of the quantum world. These hidden variables would turn the randomness of the quantum world into the predictability known in the classical world.

For years people debated these hidden variables – not only what they could be, but whether or not such things could exist.

I have discovered these hidden variables. These hidden variables are first hinted at in this book. A later article I wrote develops these hidden variables further. (This article is also included in my book on Gravity Strings, in the Appendix).

Historic Significance

It is not exaggeration to say that many of the discoveries presented in this book are historic. Providing a solution to the particle-wave duality alone is significant.

For over 100 years, light was known to be both particle and a wave, yet nobody could put the two together.

Going back further, between the times of Newton and Einstein, light was known to be sometimes a particle, sometimes a wave, with continuing debate on which “one” it actually is. The wave theory prevailed with Maxwell and Hertz, until Einstein came back with the particle theory (the photon) for which he won the Nobel Prize.

Then Bohr and Einstein, at approximately the same time, said that both particle and wave characteristics are aspects of the same entity. Thus, the concept of “particle-wave duality” was presented.

From that moment onwards, both Bohr and Einstein tried to solve this particle-wave duality. Yet they could not. For example, here are some things Bohr and Einstein said about the subject, as they tried to solve the mystery.

Einstein said in a speech (1909): “The next stage in the development of theoretical physics will bring us a theory of light that may be conceived as a sort of fusion of the wave and of the emission theory (photons) of light”.

Indeed, I have developed such a theory!

Einstein also wrote in 1924: “There are therefore now two theories of light, both indispensable and – as one must admit today despite twenty years of tremendous effort on the part of theoretical physicists – without any logical connection.”

Notice that Einstein says that many theoretical physicists have worked on the puzzle, yet none of them have been able to solve it. Therefore the fact that I have discovered a solution is, again, significant.

And science author Manjit Kumar (in his book “Quantum”) had this to say about discussions between Bohr and Heisenberg: “Nothing caused them more pain than wave-particle duality”. Kumar said later: “the harder Bohr and Heisenberg thought about wave-particle duality, the worse things seemed to become.”

Therefore, being able to solve particle-wave duality for electromagnetic energy is of great significance!

The solution is first presented in this book – “FundamentalProperties of Electromagnetic Energy”. The physical structure and process is then developed, and illustrated, in greater detail, in the book “Photons in Motion.”

EM Book #1 Available for Purchase

This first book in the series: “Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Energy” will give a broad overview of the physical structures and physical properties of electromagnetic energy. In the next books in the series, the concepts are more fully developed, and additional processes are discussed.

As with all of my books, this book is written in very simple language. There are numerous illustrations, and several helpful analogies.

This book can be obtained as either an e-book or a printedbook. (The e-book is readable on your computer, yet the pictures may come out more clearly in the printed book).

I hope you enjoy, and learn from it easily.

 

 

 

 

Electromagnetic Energy Motions

Overview Notes

The following is an excerpt from my book “FundamentalProperties of Electromagnetic Energy”. Note that illustrations and text boxes have been removed for this article. The formatting is also much more sophisticated in the actual book. The full book is available here from Amazon: https://www.createspace.com/4637848

From the Book

Introduction

What exactly is a radio wave? At its most basic, a radio wave is a pulsating ball of energy that travels through space. Each song, speech, or other message which is broadcast through electromagnetic radiation is a distinct entity. It is separate from all other signals emitted before and after that message. Each one has a definite size, travels in its own way, and acts independently of any other signal.

Not really a Wave

Although commonly referred to as a wave, the “radio wave” is in fact not a wave at all. The object we are discussing is a pulsating ball of energy, which can be tracked as a wave. We will discuss the specifics and explain clearly what is going on throughout this book. For this reason it is better to use the term “electromagnetic energy” rather than radio wave. However, because of its common usage, we will use both terms throughout the book.

Characteristics and Motions of Electromagnetic Energy

Each burst of electromagnetic energy has the following important characteristics and motions:

1. Distinct Object like a Baseball

Each burst of electromagnetic energy is like a baseball. It is a distinct object of specific size which can be thrown into the air. This object will fly through the air until it hits a wall or is caught by a catcher.

2. Pulsating like a heart

Each burst of electromagnetic energy exists very much like a human heart. It is a distinct object which pulsates. Each pulse looks something like a balloon blowing up then deflating. The pulsation occurs in four directions: two directions for the “electro” part, and two directions for the “magneto” part.

And just as different animals have different heart rates so each burst of electromagnetic energy pulsates at different rates. The rate of the pulse is what determines the frequency.  The frequency of the pulse is a function of the energy level. When a burst of energy pulsates faster (greater frequency), then that burst has higher energy. 

3. Tracked as a Wave

Electromagnetic energy is not a wave, but it can be tracked as a wave. This distinction is important. Just as Mars is not an ellipse - Mars is actually a planet which can be tracked as an ellipse - the burst of electromagnetic energy is not a wave, rather it is a pulsating ball of energy which can be tracked as a wave. Again, this distinction is important. It is the combination of two motions - pulsating motion and traveling straight through the air - which creates the overall motion which can be tracked as a wave. All wave like properties come from the combination of those two motions.

4. Spreads out like Pizza Dough

Electromagnetic energy is rarely emitted as one, singular burst. Rather, many EM bursts are usually emitted at the same time. This becomes a group of photons, sometimes referred to as “packets”.

This group starts out as one entity, almost like one big ball. Yet it spreads out like pizza dough. Each group starts as a close collection of particles, then spreads out in a perfect circle. As the group of EM bursts travel through the air, they spread out thinner and thinner – like a very thin pizza crust.

When you spread pizza dough out too thin, some holes will appear. In the same way, the original large grouping of EM bursts will eventually spread out so thin that holes of empty space appear between each burst. This is the phenomenon which produces the night sky – enormous stars visible to us only as tiny dots, with large spaces between all the other photons the star emitted – versus our Sun which is very bright because it is close and many photons are still grouped together.

Combining the Characteristics

Now let us take a look at the overall characteristics of this creature we call electromagnetic radiation.

• Each signal (such as a note of music which is broadcast over the radio) is a distinct entity unto itself. This entity is an independent object, which contains a specific amount of energy.
• Each burst of electromagnetic energy is primarily a ball of energy, similar to a baseball. Each burst can be emitted and received (just as a ball can be thrown and caught). An EM burst travels through the air in a straight line from point A to point B, until it is caught, absorbed, or reflected. 
• Each burst of electromagnetic energy pulsates like a heart, with pulses that resemble balloons inflating and deflating.
• Individual bursts spread out like pizza dough. Most emission starts as thousands of photons grouped together. As these EM bursts travel, they spread out thinner, and evenly, in a perfect circle.

Therefore, the individual EM burst is: a ball of energy, traveling through the air like a baseball, and pulsating at the same time. Any individual burst begins as part of a grouping of identical bursts, yet as they travel through space, the individual EM bursts spread outward evenly, in the exact pattern of pizza dough spreading out.

These are the overall motions of the bursts of electromagnetic energy. All other qualities, practical effects, and applications of electromagnetic radiation come from these main characteristics, or a combination thereof.

Future Discussions

These are the main characteristics and motions of electromagnetic energy.

We will discuss those primary characteristics and many other concepts throughout the series of books on electromagnetic energy.

Purchase the Full Book Here

This is an excerpt from my book “Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Energy”. The full book is available from Amazon: https://www.createspace.com/4637848

 

 

 

 

 

Preface for Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Energy

I have made numerous discoveries in the arena of electromagnetic energy. Some of the more significant discoveries include:

1. Solution to particle-wave duality for electromagnetic energy.

2. Solution to particle-wave duality for the electron.

3. The cause of pulsation for electromagnetic energy.

4. The structure of the photon.

5. The composition of the electron.

6. The exact process for emission of electromagnetic energy.

7. The exact process for absorption of electromagnetic energy.

8. The exact causes of motions for the electron and for the energy fields.

9. A more accurate understanding of electrical current.

10. The “hidden variables” which will explain all energy and all quantum science.

I have also developed some General Principles, including my General Principle of Energy Transfer, and a General Principle of Particle-Wave Duality.

These discoveries and many more will be published in a series of books. The series is titled: “Mysteries of Electromagnetic Energy: Definitively Solved and Simply Explained”.

The first book is “Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Energy”.


This first book is now available, and can be purchased here:

Printed Book: $24.95: https://www.createspace.com/4637848

e-Book:           $8.95   http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00IDAZ9GY

The books in this series are made for ALL audiences. I have used my teaching abilities to make these discoveries very easy to understand. Every concept is explained clearly. Every discovery is illustrated, with numerous full-color drawings. There are also text box summaries, as well as a list of summary points at the end.

This discoveries are about the fundamental physical natures of our reality. These are not abstract ideas, they are very logical and very physical. That is why there are so many pictures. I want to show you exactly what I see.

There is almost no math; for me, reality is never “proved” by math. Thus, in contrast to many books and articles on this subject, you will see no complicated equations. You will not need any understanding of math to understand what I present in these books.

I recommend reading this first book:

“Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Energy”

Printed Book. $24.95: https://www.createspace.com/4637848

e-Book:          $8.95  http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00IDAZ9GY

Some of the Preface from that book is included below.

This book is the first in a series on major discoveries in the arena of electromagnetic energy. For the past three years I have made numerous discoveries in the fundamental properties and processes of electromagnetic energy and electrons. These discoveries will advance our understanding of the universe in major ways.

For example, one on my first discoveries was the cause of particle-wave duality. I first discovered the solution for particle-wave duality for the photon. Soon I discovered the root cause of particle-wave duality for the electron, and from both I created my General Principle of Particle Wave Duality.

These discoveries and many more are presented throughout the series of books. This first book describes and illustrates the Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Energy.

Some of the most important discoveries and properties discussed in this first book include the following:

• Particle-Wave Duality: full explanation and illustrations of the solution, presented here for the first time.
  For over a century, the most brilliant minds (including Einstein and Bohr) have been puzzling over how electromagnetic energy can be both a particle and a wave. For the first time, the cause of this duality has been solved and fully illustrated.
• The true nature of the electric and magnetic fields, fully illustrated.
  What exactly is the electric field? What exactly is the magnetic field? This has been a mystery for many years. I have discovered the true nature of these fields.
• The “Hidden Variables” of electromagnetic energy are finally discovered, explained, and illustrated.
  Understanding these “hidden variables” will simplify all theorems related to Electromagnetic Energy, Quantum Science, the Atom, and much more.
• The composition of the photon:
  What does the photon look like, if you held it in your hand? The answer is here, fully discussed and illustrated.
• The pulsation of electromagnetic energy:
  This is a key process in the nature of electromagnetic energy, and is demonstrated for the first time here.
• The creation of the wave pattern:
  The “wave” is one half of the dual nature of electromagnetic energy. The wave is also a central component in most of quantum mechanics. Therefore, in this section we explain and illustrate exactly how a wave, of any type, is created.
• Reassessment of the relationships between energy, frequency, and wavelength.
  The relations have long been known, but from a certain perspective. Once you understand how waves are created, and the cause for particle-wave duality, it is time to reassess the relationships among energy, frequency, and wavelength.
• Detailed understanding of energy and power in electromagnetic energy.
  We will discuss the concepts of internal energy of the photon, as well as the power of many photons.
• Descriptions and illustrations of all motions of electromagnetic energy

One of the best features of this book (as well as every book in the series) is the numerous illustrations. Every concept is not merely explained in words, but also illustrated with detailed diagrams. On average, a chapter has approximately 25 full color illustrations. Most of these illustrations are highly detailed, with numerous elements in each figure.

This brings us to another tremendous asset for any reader or student: my strong preference wanting to know the physical reality. In contrast to most physicists, who prefer to communicate their ideas through complicated mathematics, I much prefer to talk of real objects and real processes.

I am very much akin to Bohr, wanting to know the physical reality, not just the mathematics. And in the same way that Bohr developed a series of physical models of the atom, I have developed a series of physical models for electromagnetic energy.

Thus, my books have the related assets of 1) focusing on real objects (rather than complex math or abstract ideas), and 2) showing these discoveries through numerous illustrations (rather than a set of equations).

I very much hope that these illustrations, along with the explanations, will help any reader and any student to easily understand each process and property I have discovered.

Therefore, I am pleased to offer these discoveries for the benefit of the scientific community and the general public. It is my wish that these discoveries, models, and explanations will become commonplace, among both the layman readers and the scientific community, whereby more people can have a richer understanding of our universe.

                                                                                                Mark Fennell

I encourage you to obtain a copy of each book in the series, starting with this first book:

 

“Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Energy”

Printed Book. $24.95: https://www.createspace.com/4637848

e-Book:          $8.95  http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00IDAZ9GY

Preface for Creation and Emission of EM Energy

The following is the Preface from my soon to be published book

"The Creation and Emission of Electromagnetic Energy."

Overview

This book is the second in a series on my discoveries related to electromagnetic energy, energy fields, and subatomic particles.

The primary focus of The Creation and Emission of Electromagnetic Energy is exactly as the title suggests: explaining and illustrating exactly how electromagnetic energy is launched from an electron.

Yet this book is so much more. In the process of explaining how electromagnetic energy is emitted we cover so many more significant discoveries. Among these discoveries you will find:

• The solution for particle-wave duality for the electron.
• A new understanding of electron structure and motion.
• An advanced understanding of electrical current.
• New models of molecular bonds.
• The exact process for photon emission.
• The reason why one photon is emitted rather than another.
• My General Principle of Energy Transfer.
  and, of course:
• My General Principle for Particle-Wave Duality.

Each of these discoveries is significant. Together, they provide a rich understanding of energy, electrons, and more.

I have done my very best as a science teacher to make these discoveries as accessible as possible to readers of all backgrounds. Every concept is explained as clearly as possible, with numerous full color illustrations. Key concepts and discoveries are summarized in boxes, as well as a full summary of all points at the end. 

A few of the significant discoveries presented in this book will be highlighted briefly below.

Particle-Wave Duality of the Electron:

Solved and Demonstrated

One of the most significant discoveries presented in this book is the solution for the particle-wave duality of the electron. For almost 100 years, the electron was considered to be both a particle and a wave. Yet nobody knew exactly why, until now!

This extended into the view that the electron was mostly a wave, which led to further elaborations such as the Schrodinger Wave Equation, the Probability Wave, the Standing Wave, and the Electron Cloud.

For the first time anywhere, the true physical nature of the electron, as both particle and wave, is fully understood and illustrated. I demonstrate for you, step by step, exactly how an electron as particle creates the wave-like patterns.

I explain and illustrate the true physical nature of the electron as wave in an orbital. This leads to a detailed explanation of the physical nature of the associated wave concepts of Standing Wave and the Electron Cloud.

I then show how the electron creates a wave-like pattern as a free electron. (The process is different, and must be distinguished).

Again, for almost a century nobody has been able to accurately explain and illustrate the physical nature of particle-wave duality for the electron. Therefore, this is a significant discovery and presentation to the scientific community.

General Principle of Particle-Wave Duality

This leads to the General Principle of Particle-Wave Duality. I created this principle by combining three individual discoveries.

1. The physical nature particle-wave duality for electromagnetic energy. (First presented to the public in Book 1 of this series, with more detailed explanation in Book 3).

2. The physical nature of particle-wave duality for an electron in an orbit.

3. The physical nature of particle-wave duality for a free electron.

I have combined these discoveries into a single General Principle, which explains all of particle-wave duality.

To put the significance of this General Principle in perspective, remember the following:

For over a century, the particle-wave duality of electromagnetic energy was known, yet none of the scientists could figure out why (including Einstein, Bohr, and Heisenberg). I have solved this mystery.

For almost a century, the particle-wave duality of the electron was known, and the debate on the true nature of the electron has been vigorous. I have figured out the structure of the electron. And I am the first person to demonstrate the actual cause of particle-wave duality of the electron.

And now, I have also put all of these discoveries together into a short General Principle of Particle-Wave Duality. This is presented here for the first time.

General Principle of Energy Transfer

Another important principle I have developed is the General Principle of Energy Transfer.

After spending so many years working with energy, I have come to understand the processes of energy in many arenas. From this, I have developed the General Principle of Energy Transfer.

In one simple sentence, I state exactly what energy transfer is, for the majority of process in the universe. Simple, yet profound. The applications of this Principle will be numerous.

Advanced Understanding of Electrical Current

You may think that electrical current is already well understood, but it is not. I have made several discoveries related to the actual process of electrical current. In this book you will learn many aspects of electrical current which are much more physically accurate than what is being taught today.

Any one of these discoveries would be significant; in this book you have all of them. These many discoveries are presented together, thus giving you at one setting a significantly more accurate understanding of electrical current. 

 

Structure and Motion of the Electron

Several sections of this book discuss the structure and the motions of the electron. Understanding the structure and the motions of the electron will lead us to full understanding of how emission of electromagnetic energy occurs. This will also help us understand the particle-wave duality of the electron. Therefore, understanding the structure and motion of the electron is very important.

Many details will be introduced and illustrated in this book. However, do note that a later book will have full illustrations of the composition of the electron, and full illustrations of all electron motion.

Yet, do know that I have worked out the entire structure of the electron. Know that I have worked out the entire sets of motions of the electron (causes, directions, and strengths).

All of these concepts are new to the world. The most important of these concepts are introduced here for the first time.

 

Creation and Emission of EM Energy

The primary topic of this book is the creation and emission of electromagnetic energy.

You probably know that an electron releases excess energy by emitting a photon. Yet how exactly does the electron emit that photon? For the first time, the process is completely understood.

Therefore, after you understand the structure and components of the electron, after you understand the cause of electron motion, and after you understand the General Principle of Energy Transfer, then you are ready to understand exactly how an electron will emit a burst of electromagnetic energy.

The exact process is understood for the first time, and here fully explained and illustrated.

A similar question is: why will an electron emit one frequency photon over another? This too is understood and explained for the first time. The answer is in a concept I call the “Threshold Percentage”, which I discuss frequently throughout this book.

 

Power Lines and Antennas

Electromagnetic energy is usually emitted by: power lines, antennas, molecular bonds, or atomic electrons. In this book I show the process for each.

I first explain the process of EM emission from a power line. (This is where the discussion of electrical current is important, along with all the new discoveries related to current). I then show how the radio antenna is similar to the power line, and therefore explain the process of radio antenna transmission as an extension of the emissions from a power line.

I also offer a few practical points related to the emission of electromagnetic energy from power lines and antennas.

 

Molecular Bonds

Molecular bonds are significant sources for emission of electromagnetic energy. Therefore these molecular bonds are discussed and illustrated in detail.

Unique to this book are several new models of molecular bonds. These new models explain simply and accurately the process of molecular vibration. These models also explain the process of electromagnetic energy emission, from any one electron in a molecular bond.

All of these models and explanations are new to the world.

 

Contribution to the Next Generation

In total, this book has numerous discoveries, many of which will undoubtedly be significant assets for the scientific community. I am pleased to offer this collection of discoveries to fellow scientists, to students, and to all curious readers.

I have also done my very best work as a science teacher to make these discoveries as accessible as possible to readers of all backgrounds. Every concept is explained as clearly as possible, with numerous full color illustrations. Key concepts and discoveries are summarized in boxes. In addition, there is a full summary of all points at the end. 

It is my hope that these discoveries become standard concepts for the next generation of thinkers, and that the illustrations become commonplace teaching aids for the future.

May you be as enlightened and excited by reading these discoveries as I have been in providing these discoveries to you.

 

                                                                                         

                                                                              Mark Fennell