EM / Photons Traveling in Liquids

Introduction

In this chapter we will discuss the ways in which Electromagnetic Energy travels through liquids.

As we discuss the traveling of the photon system through a liquid, you will begin to see some important concepts more clearly. The first of these is the difference between internal speed of the photon versus rate of the photon to travel through the liquid. The distinction is important.

In brief: the photon itself never slows down. The photon always travels at the same speed. However, due to the obstacles (the molecules of the liquid) the photon system takes longer to travel through the substance than in empty space.

You will also begin to understand the ways in which the photons can interact with the molecules of the liquid, and be altered by this interaction. This can lead to variations such as: full absorption; partial absorption; deflection at various angles; and passing through unchanged.

Review of the Photon System

Before we begin, let us briefly review the physical structure of the Photon System. We begin with the Photon Core. This core is a solid sphere, which contains an enormous amount of energy. Attached to this core are two sets of energy strings: Electric and Magnetic.

The Photon Core is like a high speed train; the Energy Strings are like the Passengers on that train. Thus, the Photon Core travels at a very high speed, from one location to another. The Energy Strings will come along for the ride - until circumstances encourage the strings (some or all) to get off the core.

This is the Photon System.

Liquid Behavior: Analogy of Christmas Shoppers

To understand the way the photon system travels through the liquid, we can use the analogy of Christmas Shoppers.

At a typical shopping mall during the Christmas season, there are numerous people. It is crowded. Each person is going his own way. Sometimes with the others, sometimes crossing to get somewhere else. Yet but because there are so many people, the individuals move very closely together. Indeed, the shoppers bump into each other, as they try to cross paths.

This is exactly how water behaves. Water molecules are individual entities, going their own ways. However, they are close enough together to be generally packed. Therefore, just like our Christmas shoppers, the water molecules have individual movement, yet are close together. This means that water molecules generally flow together, in group movements, as well as bumping into each other as different molecules attempt to go in different directions.

All of this bustling, tumbling, bumping into each other is what liquid molecules do. You know from experience that it takes a long time to travel through a crowded mall. The same can be true of any object - including a photon system - to travel through a liquid.

Photons Through Liquid:

Analogy of Child Among Christmas Shoppers

Now that we understand the behavior of the liquid, let us look at the photon as it travels through the liquid. Again we will return to the analogy of the Christmas Shoppers, with a small child to represent our photon.

A small child can run very, very fast. You know this. Allow a child to roam in an empty meadow, and she will run very fast from one end to the other.

However, place that same child in the crowded mall at Christmas time, and even she will have a difficult time getting through. She will push ahead, but often be blocked.

On the other hand, she has an advantage. Being small, she can find the holes between the adults. Slimmer and shorter spaces that most people can’t squeeze through…she can easily slip into and race ahead. (Until, of course, she runs into another wall of adults).

Therefore, while she is usually fast, and is small enough to move through the smaller areas between people…she is hindered in her traveling. It therefore takes her longer to get where she is going, than on that empty meadow.

The same is true for our photon in the liquid. The photon is normally very fast, but here the photon is hindered by all the molecules in the way. The photon however is very small, and like our child, can find the empty spaces to wander through.

Therefore, the photon system has a desire to move forward, and seeks the spaces where this is possible. Yet the photon system is hindered by all the molecules moving and tumbling in the way. This means it takes a longer time for the photon to travel through the liquid, then it does in free space.

Has the speed of the photon changed? No. However the rate for the photon to travel is much slower…simply due to all the obstacles in the way.

Speeding Up Again When Leaving

The photon speeds up again when it leaves the liquid. More accurately, the photon never changed it speed. Rather, the photon is allowed to travel freely, unhindered…which is faster than it was when in the liquid.

Again we return to the analogy of the child in the crowded mall. When she is free to roam in the meadow, she can run very fast. Yet here among the crowds of people, she is blocked, and must meander her way through the spaces. The progress is slow.

Yet, she eventually passes all the other adults. Through her squirming and sliding into the small spaces between the adults, the child eventually makes her way through all of them…and emerges in the very front.

Whew!! It took a lot of work, but she is now ahead of them all. At last there is nobody in front of her. Now she can run again…at her usual fast speed.

The same situation occurs with our photon system in the liquid. In space, the photon travels extremely fast. In air, our photon also travels fast…though sometimes hitting a few air molecules now and then. As the photon hits the liquid - such as a glass of water - the photon seems to slow down dramatically. This is because the photon is hindered by all the liquid molecules.

However, the photon is very small, and can find spaces to get through. Eventually the photon passes among the many molecules in the way, reaching the other side. Finally, when the photon leaves the liquid, and back into the air, the photon is no longer hindered. The photon travels its normal fast speed. (Though with a few bumps in the air molecules along the way).

Analogy of Han Solo and the Asteroids

There is a second analogy we can use to understand photons as they travel through liquids. This is Han Solo traveling through the asteroids.

In the second Star Wars movie, “Empire Strikes Back”, there is a scene where Han Solo pilots his Millennium Falcon through the Asteroid field. This scene is almost exactly how a photon moves through a liquid.

Using this analogy we not only visualize how photons travel through a liquid, but also see what happens as photons are bumped off course, or absorbed completely.

A video clip of Han Solo in the Asteroid Field can be found here: https://youtu.be/TKsVVmOGV9I

Watch the asteroids. They are coming from all directions. They tumble and roll. This is exactly the way liquid molecules behave.

Now look at the space ships. They are much smaller, are trying to find their way. The ships fly through the empty spaces…to the other side of the asteroid field. This is exactly what photons do. When photons enter a liquid, such as water, the photons want to keep flying along…through the empty spaces between the molecules…and exit the liquid.

You will also notice how difficult it is for a space ship to pass through the asteroids without being hit by an asteroid. Indeed, you see the Millennium Falcon being hit by asteroids a few times. You also see some of the Empire’s ships crashing completely into other asteroids. It really is almost impossible for any space ship to enter the asteroid field without being bumped, hit, or destroyed completely.

The same is true for a photon entering a liquid. Any photon which enters a liquid will be hit by one or more molecules along the way. This leads to several options for the photon, all of which are seen in the video analogy:

1. This could just be a glancing blow, which will deflect the photon at an angled path. (In the same way as the Millennium Falcon being shaken by glancing blows of asteroids).

2. The photon could lose a few energy strings, when hitting the molecule at just the right angle - in the same way that a ship would lose a few parts after being hit.

3. Or, the photon could be completely absorbed, after a direct hit. In this case, the original photon would never reach the outside of the liquid. This would be similar to the crash and total destruction of the ships into the asteroid.

Therefore we can easily visualize photons being bumped and hit by liquid molecules, by remembering the Han Solo in the asteroid field. In both cases, the goal is make it through the tumbling objects safely. Yet in reality, the odds are very high for being hit multiple times on route.

For the photon, this can result in three main possibilities: 1) being deflected at an angle, 2) partial removal of energy strings after being hit (this is also known as “partial absorption”), or 3) complete absorption of the photon system.

Of course no analogy is perfect, and in this case there is one difference: photons are not piloted. The ships in the asteroid field have an advantage of being manually steered through the spaces. The photon does not. Therefore the photon will be hit many more times by molecules than any ship through an asteroid field. However, the situations are very similar, and the visuals are almost identical.

Photons Bumping into Molecules: Resulting Options

As stated above, when a photon travels through liquid, the photon will likely bump into many molecules along the way. The main options, as listed above, include: 1) Deflection, 2) Loss of Energy (and likely deflection), 3) Complete Absorption. Here we will describe the options in more detail.

Factors in Options

The options depend primarily on the electric and magnetic fields. Specifically: which direction these fields are pointing, and how long they remain in that direction (from the pulsation rate), when the photon system encounters the molecule.

In order for a photon to be partially or totally absorbed, the energy fields must match the energy fields of the object they encounter. That is, the fields must be traveling the same direction, at the same time. When this occurs, the energy fields of the EM Photon System will join with the fields of the other particle. This is what leads to partial or total absorption.

In contrast, when the fields are pointing in the opposite direction when they meet, then the fields will repel each other. This will result in deflection of the photon, without any loss of energy.

It also helps if the energy fields are pointing in the same direction for a longer time. A photon with lower energy, for example, will have a longer pulsation frequency. This means that the energy fields will point in one direction for a longer time, and more likely to be partially or totally absorbed.

Similarly, if the liquid is colder, or denser, then the motion of the molecules themselves are slower. Allowing greater time for energy strings to join from one particle to another.

The Basic Options

When a photon hits a molecule, many things are possible. This depends on what exactly the photon hits, and the position at which the hit occurs. However, we can make some broad statements.

1. Total Absorption: This occurs when the photon system enters into a particle. Each particle of the atom (electron, proton, neutron) has surface holes. The photon is much smaller than these surface holes, and can therefore enter into the particle easily. This is total absorption.

**Notice how we again see this in the Han Solo video…as they look for caverns to dive into. The photon will enter protons and electrons in a very similar way**

2. Partial Absorption and Energy Loss: This occurs when some of the energy strings of the photon are removed, but not all. This usually occurs when a proton has magnetic or electric energy strings flowing in the same direction as those of the photon. Some of the energy strings of the photon will then join their kind (magnetic or electric) of the proton.
 

Thus, some of the energy strings physically connect to the energy strings of the photon…like Legos…and pull away from the photon system. The photon system goes on its way, though with less EM energy (and a shift to lower frequency) than before.

Note that the amount of energy transfer will depend on the strength of the new energy string that is created. Using the Lego analogy again, if we stack 50 Lego’s together, then it is possible to break the stack almost anywhere. Where will it break? Which end will have more Lego blocks? Thus, there can be quite a variation in amount of energy transfer from the photon to the proton.

3. Deflection: A photon will be deflected with the energy fields are pointing in opposite directions. For example, every electron has an electrical field pointing outward. Also, many protons have magnetic fields which loop through the protons, like pearls on a necklace.

If the photon has its fields (electric or magnetic) facing the opposite direction upon approaching the proton, then the fields will be repelled, and the photon system will be deflected. The angle of deflection will depend on the angles at which the two fields touch each other. Note that in this case, there will be no energy loss for the photon. Only a change in direction.

4. Energy Loss and Deflection: This situation typically occurs when the photon brushes or glides against the fields of the proton, and these are in the same direction, but only partially brushing of the photon to the proton. This means that only the energy strings furthest from the photon core will attach to the proton, while the rest of the photon system goes on its way.
 

The “deflection” then occurs because there is a slight tug of the merged energy strings before the photon system breaks away, goes on its way again. The effect is similar to the bending of light around a star; that is, a slight change in angle, but not much. 

Multiple Particles in a Liquid Molecule

Another complicating factor is the various particles in a molecule. We have electrons and protons, each of which can absorb photons. We also have molecular electrons of the molecular bond, which are slightly different from the electrons of the individual atoms. Let us look at some of these.

1. Electrons orbiting an atom

      Photons can be easily absorbed into electrons. The photon core is small enough to fly through the holes of the surface of the electron. If the photon approaches the electron away from the field, then there will be no repulsion, and the photon will easily be absorbed.

      In contrast, if the photon approaches the electron at the location of the electron’s electrical field, and when electrical fields of each are pointing opposite direction, then the two fields will repel. This will cause deflection of the photon. The angle of deflection will depend on the angle when the two fields meet.

       Electrons also have magnetic energy. This magnetic energy can extend from the electron to the space beyond. If the photon approaches this magnetic field in opposite directions, then again the photon will repel, and be deflected.

       However, if the photon manages to glance by the electron, at either the electric or magnetic fields, and the fields of both particles are in the same direction…then this will result in partial energy transfer, and likely a slight deflection of the photon.

2. Protons in an atom

       A photon can enter a proton more easily than in an electron, as the entrance holes of the protons and neutrons are much bigger than the electron. Furthermore, the electric field of the proton flows inward, not outward. This means that the photon will never be electrically repelled.

       There are several options here. If the photon reaches the proton away from the proton’s electrical field, then the photon will simply dive into the hole. This is complete absorption.

The photon can also be partially absorbed. This will happen when the magnetic fields of the photon and of the proton are pointing in the same direction. Some of the magnetic energy of the photon will leave the photon for that of the proton, and the photon will go on its way, with slightly less EM energy (and lower frequency).

3. Electrons of the Molecular Bond

The electrons of the Molecular Bond deserve special attention. They have the characteristics of regular electrons…plus more. Photons of many frequency can be deflected, and partially absorbed. However, to be fully absorbed requires that the photon’s pulsation frequency match the molecular orbital frequency.

The frequencies must be identical. And, the photon must arrive at just the right time, for the fields of all three to match, in order to be fully absorbed.

Full Absorption of Photon System in a Molecular Bond

In other publications I have discussed my model for the molecular orbits. Let us review that model briefly. In this model, the molecular orbit is like a race track, oval in shape, with two cars driving.

The molecular orbit therefore consists of an oval track, along which two electrons travel. From the side, we see two parallel tracks, with each electron seeming to travel in opposite directions. When the electrons approach each other, on their parallel tracks, this is when the molecular bond contracts. When the electrons move away from each other, on their parallel tracks, this is when the molecular bond expands. This process, therefore, is the physical cause of contraction and expansion, repeatedly.

In other words, this process is the “vibration” of the molecular bond. The rate of this repeated action is the “frequency” of the molecular bond.

Therefore, in order for a photon to fully be absorbed by the “molecular bond”, and not just individual electrons, the frequency of the photon must be identical to the frequency of this race track expansion-contraction vibration.

The photon must also arrive at just the right moment…where the fields of both electrons, and of the photon, align perfectly. The energies of the EM system will then be split up…some of the energies in one electron, and some of the energies in the other electron.

*The two electrons may in fact be energetically linked… with magnetic energy strings and electric energy strings connecting the two electrons*.

The photon core may be absorbed in one of the electrons. However, I think it more likely that the photon core is held between the two electrons, as they race around the track.

I am still working out the details. However some things are clear. In order to be fully absorbed in a molecular bond:

a. The Frequency of the Photon System must be the Same Frequency as the electrons going around the race track loop.

b. Both electrons must absorb some of the energies of the photon - of that one photon system, at the same time.

c. The Photon System must arrive at the exact time, with the moment of pulsation, such that this total absorption of energies in both electrons is possible.

Summary of Electromagnetic Energy Traveling Through Liquids

In this chapter we looked at how Electromagnetic Energy travel through liquids, such as water.

Liquid molecules are constantly in motion. They move individually and in groups. They tumble, roll, and migrate. The photon system is a photon core, with energy strings as passengers.

This photon system normally travels at fast speeds. However, due to the all the liquid molecules in the way, the photon is blocked and bumped into. Therefore it takes longer for the photon system to travel through the water than normal.

Notice it is not that the photon has slowed down. Rather, the photon just takes longer to get past all the obstacles. Indeed, when the photon exits the water, we see the photon return to its normal fast speed, as there are fewer obstacles in the way.

The photon is very small compared to the molecules, which allows the photon to travel between the spaces between the molecules. However, the molecules are constantly tumbling and in motion. This means that any photon entering water will likely be hit by molecules, and often multiple times.

There are several options which can occur. The most common include: 1) total absorption, 2) partial absorption of energies and slight deflection, 3) deflection without any loss of energy.

Which option will occur must depend on a variety of factors. The most important of these are a) the alignments of the energy fields, and b) the angle at which these fields touch.

Other factors include: c) the specific frequency of the EM pulsation, d) the internal energy of the atomic particle, and e) frequency matching.

These are the main options, and how they occur. Note that this is just an overview. There are additional factors to consider, and details to be discussed. These will be examined in future chapters and books.

 

Energy Books and Books of New Discoveries by Mark Fennell

I have written and published over 60 books, most of which are related to energy. In particular I have three series of books:

A. Physics for the Next Millennium

B. Mysteries of Electromagnetic Energy - Solved and Explained

C. Energy Technologies Explained Simply

The following is a partial list of published books on these topics. All books are available on Amazon. Some are available in both e-book and printed form.

A. Physics For the Next Millennium

1. Introduction to Gravity Strings

e-book: Gravity Strings Concepts with Supporting Evidence, incorporating Newton and Einstein, as e-book

Printed book: Gravity Strings Concepts and Supporting Evidence, with numerous illustrations, as Printed book (available soon)

2. New Physics of Motion (in progress)

3. Momentum Understood as Energy Strings and Molecules

e-book: Motion and Momentum as e-book

Printed Book: Motion and Momentum as printed book

4. Atomic Structure: New Models and Explanations (in progress)

B. Mysteries of Electromagnetic Energy Solved and Explained

1. Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Energy

e-book: EM Physical Properties, as e-book

Printed Book: EM Physical Properties, as printed book

2. Creation and Emission of ElectromagneticEnergy

3. Photons in Motion: Particle-Wave Duality and Constant Speed of Light Solved (published soon)

4. Penetration and Absorption of Electromagnetic Energy (in progress)

5. Diffraction, Interference and Red Shift (in progress)

C. Energy Technologies Explained Simply

1. Introduction to Electrical Power

2. Battery Technologies Explained Simply (in progress)

3. Hydropower Explained Simply

4. Wind Power Explained Simply

e-book: Wind Power Technologies as e-book

Printed Book: Wind Power Technologies as printed book

5. Solar Power Technologies Explained Simply

e-book: Solar Power Basics, e-book

e-book: Solar Power Practical Considerations, as e-book

e-book: Solar Power Advanced Solar Cell Technologies, as e-book

Printed Book: Solar Power Technologies as Printed Book (All Chapters)

6. Coal Power Technologies Explained Simply

e-book: Coal Power Formation and Mining, as e-book

e-book: Clean Coal Technologies, as e-book

e-book: Mercury and Coal Power, as e-book

Printed Book: Coal Power Technologies, Full Book, as Paperback

7. Nuclear Power Technologies Explained Simply
e-book: Nuclear Power Plant Operations, as e-book
e-book: Nuclear Power Meltdowns and Explosions, as e-book
e-book: Health Hazards of Radioactive Decay, as e-book
e-book: Radiation Measurements, as e-book
e-book: Radioactive Decay and Long-Term Storage, as e-book
Printed Book: Nuclear Power Operations and Technologies, Full Book with illustrations and extensive data tables, as paperback book

8. Natural Gas and Other Hydrocarbon Technologies Explained Simply
e-book: Natural Gas Basics, as e-book
e-book: Extracting and Refining Natural Gas, including Fracking, as e-book
e-book: Natural Gas Transportation, Storage, Pipeline Safety, and Use (as e-book)
Printed Book: Natural Gas Extraction, Refining, and Safety; Landfill Gas, and Other Hydrocarbon Fuels, with Safety Tips and data, full book, as printed book.

9. Transmission of Electrical Power Explained Simply
e-book: Transmission of Electrical Power Overview, as e-book
e-book: Power Lines - Technology, Options, and Practical Tips (as e-book)
e-book: Underground Cables - Options and Practical Tips (as e-book)
Printed Book: Transmission of Electrical Power - Understanding the Systems, Power Lines, Cables, with numerous pictures and practical tips, as paperback

10. Utility Operations and Grid Systems Explained Simply
e-book: Utility Operations and Quality Control, as e-book
e-book: Power Grids Explained Simply, as e-book (available soon)
Printed book: Utility Operations and Grid Systems explained simply, with discussion on reliability, preventing blackouts, terrorism, smart grids, and various practical tips. (as paperback)

11. Health and Safety of Electrical Power Technologies (in progress)

12. Efficiency of Electrical Power Technologies (published soon)

 

 

 

 

Human-Radio Interaction Observations

Introduction

I never cease to be amazed at the interaction effects between humans and radios. When certain humans get close to radios, the static will increase or decrease. It is an amazing effect.

Recently I have observed such effects. Today I performed some specific experiments, and these are the observations I noticed.

Radio Device as Radio – not CD Player

The first thing I want to point out is that the radio device is operating as a radio. The device is set to an FM station, and music is being received and played. The radio device is not in CD mode, nor is it off.

Observing Static

What I am observing is the static. Normally a radio station will play clearly. But there are occasions where the radio produces static.

In general this can be produced by a variety of effects, such as weather and other broadcasting devices in the area.

What I am looking a specifically is the effect on static due to the human body. Specifically, as I come closer to the radio or further from the radio, as I place my hands in different positions, I am observing what will happen to the static.

Decreasing Static Observed in Earlier Observations

First thing I have noticed is that my human body can sometimes increase static, and sometimes decrease the static.

In today’s experiments, my body would always increase the static as I got closer to the radio. However, this is in contrast to my experience of a few months ago – where my body would decrease the static.

When I first noticed this phenomenon, and played around with it, this was the situation: The radio already had some static. I supposed this was due the weather or transmission or something similar. Yet every time I got close to the radio, the static would decrease, and the station would come in very clear.

I started playing around with it, standing in different positions. I discovered that 2 feet from the radio was where the effect began. When I was 2 feet from the radio, the static disappeared. When I left the area, the static would return to the level it had been before.

I noted this to a few friends, and asked them for the explanation, but none of them were able to explain it.

Human Body Can Either Decrease or Increase Static

Yet this point remains: today’s experience is the exact opposite of that experience.

 In the experience of a few months ago the radio began with constant static, and my presence close to the radio eliminated that static. Yet in today’s experience, the radio began with no static, but when I got close the radio the static increased.

Therefore the exact opposite situations can occur. It seems to depend on whether there is static to begin with or not.

Today’s Observations: Increasing Static Within 6 inches

In today’s observations I decided to see exactly where the static would increase as I got close to the radio.

I first noticed this a few days ago. For the past few days, I noticed that as I approached the radio the static would increase. As I backed away from the radio the static would decrease. Today I finally decided to test the specific distances and locations. This is what I noticed:

1. My hands created more static than my body. My body could create small static, but it was really when I moved my hands closer to the radio that the static really increased.

2. The static was greatest when I placed my hands between 6 inches and 2 inches from the radio. This also conforms with my general observations of the past few days: when I approached my radio with my hand (to turn it off, or change to CD mode) the static would increase.

3. The static is greatest when my hands are generally pointing to the tuning dial. The static is strongest there. In contrast, placing my hands near the outer edges of the radio, where the speakers are, has less static.

The distance from my hands to the radio is the same, only the location differs. The increase in static is always strongest near the tuning dial.

4. There is also a region much closer to the radio where the static disappears altogether. Putting my hands approximately ½ inch from the radio, the static will disappear altogether.

This effect includes when I have my hand directly in front of the tuner – where the induced static is strongest. Just by moving my hand a bit closer, that strong static disappears altogether. The distance for this effect is approximately ½ inch.

There are other observations, as described below, but these are the main ones. Also note that I performed these measurements several times, during several songs. The results were always the same, regardless of what song was playing. And of course this means that these effects were not temporary, but would occur again and again.

Specific Angle Produces Static

I also noticed that the angle I stand can produce some static. I noticed this later, but is appropriate to mention it now.

Standing several feet away from the radio, at a particular angle, the radio would also produce static. The angle was approximately 17 degrees from the dial side of radio. It was also approximately south (just in case that makes a difference).

This was in contrast to anywhere else I would stand at that same distance away. Same distance anywhere else, and there was no static. But stand at that one angle – and still being several feet from the radio – there was some static.

I tried standing on the other side of the radio, at approximately the same angle, but I could not get it to work.

My guess is that because the tuning dial is closer to the left side than the right side, the effect was able to be produced standing that angle on the left side of the radio, but not the same angle on the right.

Songs, Advertisements, Announcers

Each Produced Different Effects

Now we will get to an observation which surprised me, and yet was very repeatable. The effects on the static would be very different depending on what the radio station was playing at that time.

Advertisements and announcers would result in different static effects than the songs.

The general effect was the same, but the distances were different. Standing closer would still increase the static, yet there were fewer “clear zones”. There was much more static.

During the songs, I could place my hands near the outer edges of the radio and there would be no static. Yet during the advertisements, there was static no matter where I moved my hands.

Also, during the songs I could place my hands ½ inch from the dial, and there would be total clarity; all static was gone. Yet during the advertisements, there was no such clear zone.

Furthermore, moving my hands around the radio would produce different static effects than I had observed while performing the same movements during the songs.

I believe this has something to do with the type of frequency being used to broadcast. Perhaps it is a different type of modulation used, or a slightly different message frequency. Yet there is a difference.

Indeed, doesn’t it seem in some cases that to your ear the sound is different between songs and advertisements? It seemed that way to me as I was performing my detailed measurements.

I will have to ask the radio engineers to know the specific answer, but I believe the way the various messages are sent will then change the effect the human (myself) has on the static.

And just in case you think something changed in the weather or environment, consider this: as soon as the songs started playing again, the effects on the static were exactly – very precisely – what they were when I tested these earlier. I again repeated the tests for the next several songs. So it is absolutely the music versus advertising being broadcast, and not any other cause.

Concluding Thoughts

I will always be amazed regarding the effect that humans can have on radio reception. Humans can increase static, or decrease static, during the FM radio broadcasts. I am not sure how all this works, but I do know that humans can have direct effects on the static produced by the radio.

These are some of my detailed observations. I spent my time as a scientist – testing different locations, distances, and angles. I noted cases where static increased, and where it decreased. I also noted the different effects produced when the station was broadcasting advertisements and announcer’s voices rather than songs.

Again, I do not yet understand the physical processes of humans affecting radio static. However, I do believe these careful observations will help us to eventually understand the processes.

 

 

Photon Core as Supporting Material For Light

Overview

Scientists have long debated what the “medium” is for light. I read a book recently which essentially said that nobody really knows what the medium, or underlying substructure is, for electromagnetic energy.

I immediately thought: “The answer is quite simple. It is the photon core.” And then I thought of some analogies which would easily explain this situation.

Therefore this article will be an easy presentation of the photon core as supporting material for all frequencies of electromagnetic energy.

Background: Photon System Solved

Before we begin, it is important for the reader to know that I have solved the physical substructure of electromagnetic energy. I have worked out every physical nuance of the system.

In fact, the details are so intimately worked out and illustrated that it is practically a blueprint. You could essentially build a photon based on the details and illustrations I have developed.

This detailed physical structure of electromagnetic energy, which I call the “Photon System”, is fully explained and illustrated in my upcoming book “Photons in Motion.”

It is important that you know how well the photon system has been worked out, because what I provide below is just a brief version, with a friendly analogy. Stated another way: I already know more than what I write here. This article is not about the full details, but rather the basic idea of how it works.

The Photon Core is the Supporting Material for EM

The supporting material for all of electromagnetic energy is the Photon Core. It is as simple as that. The photon core is the medium, the physical structure, which delivers electromagnetic energy from one location to another.

Note that there are still many scientists who view EM as a wavy string, which is absolutely incorrect. Despite Einstein and Compton proving the existence of photons, many scientists still consider EM like an accordion or a spring, which can be stretched and compressed. This is absolutely incorrect. Electromagnetic energy is first and foremost a particle, and the center of this system is the “Photon Core”.

Photon Core as a Train

The photon core is very similar to a train. In fact, it is easiest to think of the photon core as a very high-speed train.

Think about a high speed train: passengers get on at one point, and get off at another. The train is the vehicle which carries the passengers there. The photon core is very similar: energy gets on the “train” (the photon core) at one location, and gets off the train (leaves the photon core) at another location. It is as simple as that.

The photon core is like the high speed train in another way. The high speed trains are usually designed for extremely long distances, which means no stops in between. Thus, the passengers get on the train, the train goes extremely fast, for a very long distance. At the other end, the passengers get off the train.

The photon core is much the same way. Energy strings get “on” the photon core, just as the passengers get on the train. Then the photon core travels at an extremely high speed, for a very long distance. When the photon core is absorbed later on, this can be considered the “destination”. At this point, the energy strings get off of the photon core. Thus, electromagnetic energy has been transferred.

Photon Core as Permanent Vehicle

There is another useful, and important, aspect of comparing the photon core to a train. Both are permanent vehicles.

You know that the train never changes or disappears. The train always remains intact. It is only the specific people who get on and off the train which will change each time. The train itself remains unchanged and permanent.

In a similar way, the photon core is a permanent vehicle. The photon core never changes. The photon core never disappears. It is only the energy strings which get on and off the photon core that changes. The photon will always remain the permanent, unchanging method of transport.

EM Transportation in the Photon System

Thus, like the train, wherever the photon core is at any one time, energy strings can get on. At the right moment the photon (with its “passenger” energy strings) will be launched into the air. This photon core, as a vehicle, will travel with its energy string passengers over a long distance, until the photon core is absorbed. There, the energy strings will get off, and proceed to interact with the particle which absorbed the photon.

At the same time, energy strings already in that particle can get “on” the photon core – just as people at that new location can get on the train. And again, when the situation is right, the entire photon system will be launched – in a similar way to the train leaving the station.

This is the basic process of how electromagnetic energy is transported from one location to another.   

Summary

Therefore you can see that the photon core is really a vehicle, a method of transport, for the electromagnetic energy. The photon core is like the high-speed train which goes from place to place, while the energy strings are like the passengers which get on and off the train at different locations.

That is the basic physical structure of conveying electromagnetic energy. That is basic process. When you understand it, you will realize that it is all quite simple.

Mark Fennell

Jan 20, 2015

 

Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Energy

Overview of the Book

I have devoted much of my time to solving the mysteries of electromagnetic energy. I have studied the facts, considered the possibilities, and put the pieces together in a cohesive form.

The result is a completely new understanding of electromagnetic energy. For the first time, the majority of mysteries of electromagnetic energy have now been solved. We now have detailed physical structures, sophisticated understanding of EM motion, and many other solutions.

The first book in the series is “Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Energy”. This book gives you a starting point for how we should look at electromagnetic energy.

Prior to this book electromagnetic energy was somewhat mysterious. What is its physical structure? How should we think of it? Those answers are provided in this book.

Discoveries Presented in the Book

In this book you will learn discoveries such as:

• What is the basic structure of electromagnetic energy?
• What are the basic properties?
• What are the main types of motion?

These questions are answered in book 1.

I use many illustrations, and some fun analogies, to explain these properties. The analogies are perhaps the most fun aspect of the book. (Readers have told me that they like the analogies, which pleases me very much).

Particle-Wave Duality Solved for the First Time

The book finishes with something incredibly significant: the basic solution to particle-wave duality of electromagnetic energy.

This is extremely significant, and very historic. For over 100 years scientists have known that light acts as both particle and wave. Yet nobody could figure out the physical structure for how light could be both at the same time.

Einstein and Bohr both tried. They worked on the problem for years. Neither one was able to solve it. I am the first person to solve this mystery.

In this first book, I provide the solution. After discussing the basic properties and motions of electromagnetic energy throughout the book, I then provide the solution for particle wave duality. This is illustrated very simply.

Note that this book provides the first solution, and the most basic illustration. In my third book “Photons in Motion” I provide a much more detailed description of the physical structure of the electromagnetic energy, which also leads to a more detailed physical picture of the particle-wave duality.

Hidden Variables Discovered

Another important discovery is the “hidden variables”. Einstein believed there would be hidden variables which would finally make sense of the quantum world. These hidden variables would turn the randomness of the quantum world into the predictability known in the classical world.

For years people debated these hidden variables – not only what they could be, but whether or not such things could exist.

I have discovered these hidden variables. These hidden variables are first hinted at in this book. A later article I wrote develops these hidden variables further. (This article is also included in my book on Gravity Strings, in the Appendix).

Historic Significance

It is not exaggeration to say that many of the discoveries presented in this book are historic. Providing a solution to the particle-wave duality alone is significant.

For over 100 years, light was known to be both particle and a wave, yet nobody could put the two together.

Going back further, between the times of Newton and Einstein, light was known to be sometimes a particle, sometimes a wave, with continuing debate on which “one” it actually is. The wave theory prevailed with Maxwell and Hertz, until Einstein came back with the particle theory (the photon) for which he won the Nobel Prize.

Then Bohr and Einstein, at approximately the same time, said that both particle and wave characteristics are aspects of the same entity. Thus, the concept of “particle-wave duality” was presented.

From that moment onwards, both Bohr and Einstein tried to solve this particle-wave duality. Yet they could not. For example, here are some things Bohr and Einstein said about the subject, as they tried to solve the mystery.

Einstein said in a speech (1909): “The next stage in the development of theoretical physics will bring us a theory of light that may be conceived as a sort of fusion of the wave and of the emission theory (photons) of light”.

Indeed, I have developed such a theory!

Einstein also wrote in 1924: “There are therefore now two theories of light, both indispensable and – as one must admit today despite twenty years of tremendous effort on the part of theoretical physicists – without any logical connection.”

Notice that Einstein says that many theoretical physicists have worked on the puzzle, yet none of them have been able to solve it. Therefore the fact that I have discovered a solution is, again, significant.

And science author Manjit Kumar (in his book “Quantum”) had this to say about discussions between Bohr and Heisenberg: “Nothing caused them more pain than wave-particle duality”. Kumar said later: “the harder Bohr and Heisenberg thought about wave-particle duality, the worse things seemed to become.”

Therefore, being able to solve particle-wave duality for electromagnetic energy is of great significance!

The solution is first presented in this book – “FundamentalProperties of Electromagnetic Energy”. The physical structure and process is then developed, and illustrated, in greater detail, in the book “Photons in Motion.”

EM Book #1 Available for Purchase

This first book in the series: “Fundamental Properties of Electromagnetic Energy” will give a broad overview of the physical structures and physical properties of electromagnetic energy. In the next books in the series, the concepts are more fully developed, and additional processes are discussed.

As with all of my books, this book is written in very simple language. There are numerous illustrations, and several helpful analogies.

This book can be obtained as either an e-book or a printedbook. (The e-book is readable on your computer, yet the pictures may come out more clearly in the printed book).

I hope you enjoy, and learn from it easily.